UN human rights experts say India's reported cross-border strikes into Pakistan after the April 22 Pahalgam attack may violate international law. A 17-page UN communication dated Oct 16 and made public Dec 15 found that India provided no publicly verifiable evidence linking Pakistan to the attack.

They noted that India did not notify the UN Security Council under Article 51 (self-defence), raising concerns over unlawful use of force and right-to-life violations.

UN experts stressed that counter-terrorism actions must meet the principles of necessity, proportionality, and distinction under international law. They also expressed serious concern over India holding the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) in abeyance. The IWT is a binding 1960 water-sharing treaty; unilateral suspension may breach international obligations. Disruption of Indus waters could affect millions in Pakistan who rely on the river system for drinking water, agriculture, food security, and livelihoods. Access to safe drinking water is a recognized human right; water should not be used as political leverage.

UN experts asked India to clarify the legal basis for military action, treaty suspension, and safeguards against humanitarian, environmental, and economic harm, and urged a peaceful settlement of the Kashmir dispute in line with international law and the right to self-determination.